Gestão do cuidado à pessoa idosa hospitalizada: perspectiva da enfermagem gerontológica / Care management for hospitalized elderly: perspective of gerontological nursing / Gestión del cuidado del anciano hospitalizado: perspectiva de la enfermería gerontológica

Objetivo: analisar a gestão do cuidado à pessoa idosa hospitalizada na perspectiva da enfermagem gerontológica. Método: estudo qualitativo, de natureza exploratória-descritiva, realizado entre os meses de maio e junho de 2022, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 18 enfermeiros não especialistas em gerontologia que atuam em serviços que atendem pessoas idosas em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. As entrevistas foram realizadas após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética, transcritas e submetidas à análise temático-categorial de Bardin. Resultados: os enfermeiros apresentam lacunas no conhecimento gerontológico, gerando insegurança na gestão do cuidado à pessoa idosa hospitalizada. Considerações finais: os enfermeiros generalistas ou especialistas em áreas do conhecimento diferentes da gerontologia demonstram limitações para a gestão do cuidado à pessoa com demandas gerontológicas. Faz-se necessária uma reestruturação curricular dos Cursos de Graduação em Enfermagem, bem como ampliar a inserção do especialista em enfermagem gerontológica nos espaços de internação com pacientes idosos

Objective: To analyze the management of care for hospitalized elderly people from the perspective of gerontological nursing. Method: qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, carried out between the months of 2022 May and June, through semi-structured interviews with 18 nurses who are not specialists in gerontology, and work in services that assist elderly people in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Results: Nurses have gaps in gerontological knowledge, generating insecurity in the management of care for hospitalized elderly people. Final considerations: Nurses who are general practitioners or specialists in areas of knowledge other than gerontology demonstrate limitations in managing care for people with gerontological demands. It is necessary to restructure the curriculum of undergraduate nursing courses, as well as to expand the insertion of specialists in gerontological nursing in hospitalization spaces with elderly patients.

Objetivo: analizar la gestión del cuidado al anciano hospitalizado desde la perspectiva de la enfermería gerontológica. Método: estudio cualitativo, de naturaleza exploratoria-descriptiva, realizado entre los meses de mayo y junio de 2022, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas junto a 18 enfermeros no expertos en gerontología que trabajan en servicios que asisten a ancianos en un hospital universitario de Río de Janeiro. Las entrevistas se realizaron previa aprobación del Comité de Ética, se transcribieron y sometieron al análisis temático-categorial de Bardin. Resultados: Los enfermeros presentan lagunas en el conocimiento gerontológico, generando inseguridad en la gestión del cuidado al anciano hospitalizado. Consideraciones finales: Los enfermeros generalistas o especialistas en áreas del conocimiento diferentes a la gerontología demuestran limitaciones en la gestión del cuidado de las personas con demandas gerontológicas. Es necesario reestructurar el currículo de los cursos de pregrado en enfermería, así como ampliar la inserción del especialista en enfermería gerontológica en los espacios de hospitalización con ancianos.

Risco de queda versus mobilidade segura em pessoas idosas: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Risk for falls versus safe mobility in older adults: a scoping review protocol

OBJETIVO: Mapear, por meio de produções científicas, os elementos constitutivos do conceito de mobilidade segura presentes na assistência hospitalar a pessoas idosas. MÉTODO: Elaborou-se protocolo de scoping review fundamentado na metodologia proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), que evidencia as etapas de estratégia de busca, seleção dos estudos, extração e sumarização dos dados, a partir de critérios delineados, de forma a responder à pergunta de pesquisa. Serão considerados os estudos que incluem indivíduos a partir de 60 anos, independente do sexo e das condições associadas, e excluídos os que não foram publicados na íntegra, ou cujo acesso não tenha sido possível. As evidências que expressam os elementos constitutivos do conceito de mobilidade segura aplicado ao contexto da assistência hospitalar a pessoas idosas podem auxiliar na tomada de decisão em saúde e na difusão de intervenções de enfermagem adequadas, bem como contribuir para o ensino, a extensão e a pesquisa.

OBJECTIVE: To map, in scientific productions, the constituent elements of the concept of safe mobility in older adult hospital care. METHOD: A scoping review protocol was developed based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), which highlights the stages of search strategy, study selection, data extraction, and summarization based on criteria outlined to answer the research question. Studies that include individuals over 60 years of age, regardless of gender and associated conditions, will be considered, and those that have not been published in full format or whose access has not been possible will be excluded. The evidence that expresses the constitutive elements of the concept of safe mobility applied to the context of older adult hospital care can help in the decision-making in health care and the dissemination of appropriate nursing interventions, as well as contributing to teaching, extension, and research.

Optimization of the extraction process of Shangke Huoxue Granule by central composite design-response surface methodology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of Shangke Huoxue Granule.Methods:Taking the factors of extraction solvent multiple, extraction time and extraction times as investigation factors, and extraction amount of ferulic acid, paeoniflorin and the ratio of extraction as comprehensive evaluation indices, one-factor experimental design and central composite design-response surface methodology were adopted to optimize the extraction process of Shangke Huoxue Granule.Results:The binomial fitting equation was Y=96.16+2.42 A+0.63 B-3.76 AB-1.57 A2-1.87 B2 ( P<0.01). The optimal extraction process parameters were confirmed to be adding 16 times of water, 64 minutes each time, twice. The deviation rates between the measured values of three verification experiments and the predicted value were 2.00%, 3.23% and 0.66%. Conclusion:The established model of central composite design-response surface methodology has high predictability and the optimized extraction process is stable and feasible.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição de idosos hospitalizados: estudo transversal analítico / Calidad de vida relacionada con la deglución en adultos mayores hospitalizados: estudio transversal analítico / Swallowing-related quality of life in hospitalized elderly patients: A cross-sectional analytical study

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição em idosos hospitalizados. Métodos Estudo transversal analítico e observacional. Participaram 52 idosos internados em clínica médica de um hospital público no Distrito Federal. Foram aplicados os instrumentos Eating Assessment Tool e o Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens, além de coleta de dados sociodemográficos e condições de saúde. Resultados Dos idosos participantes 30,8% apresentaram risco de disfagia autorrelatada. Os idosos com risco de disfagia apresentaram menor pontuação no domínio "tempo de se alimentar" e maior pontuação no domínio de "saúde mental". O único domínio que não houve diferença estatística no padrão de resposta dos participantes que apresentaram ou não risco de disfagia foi o domínio sono. Entre as variáveis dos 11 domínios do Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens foi possível observar correlações positivas em sua maioria com diferentes graus. Conclusão A qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição de idosos hospitalizados está diretamente manifestada com a diminuição do convívio social, aumento do tempo para se alimentar, medo e fardo.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la deglución en adultos mayores hospitalizados. Métodos Estudio transversal analítico y observacional. Participaron 52 adultos mayores internados en clínica médica de un hospital público en el Distrito Federal. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Eating Assessment Tool y Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens, además de la recopilación de datos sociodemográficos y condiciones de salud. Resultados De los adultos mayores que participaron, el 30,8 % presentó riesgo de disfagia autoinformada. Los adultos mayores con riesgo de disfagia presentaron un menor puntaje en el dominio "tiempo para alimentarse" y un puntaje más alto en el dominio "salud mental". El único dominio en el que no hubo una diferencia estadística en el tipo de respuesta de los participantes que presentaron o no riesgo de disfagia fue el del dominio sueño. Entre las variables de los 11 dominios del Quality of Life in Swallowing Disordens se observaron mayormente correlaciones positivas en diferentes niveles. Conclusión La calidad de vida relacionada con la deglución de adultos mayores hospitalizados está directamente manifestada con la reducción de la convivencia social, el aumento de tiempo para alimentarse, el miedo y la carga.

Abstract Objective To evaluate swallowing-related quality of life in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods Cross-sectional analytical and observational approach was used in our study. Fifty-two elderly patients in a medical clinic of a public hospital in Distrito Federal [Federal District] participated. In addition to collecting sociodemographic and health condition data, the Eating Assessment Tool and the swallowing-related quality of life Questionnaire were applied. Results Of the elderly participants, 30.8% had a self-reported risk of dysphagia. The elderly at risk for dysphagia had lower scores in the "eating duration" domain and higher scores in the "mental health" domain. The only domain in which there was no statistical difference in the response pattern of the participants who were, or were not at risk for dysphagia was the "sleep domain." Among the variables of the 11 domains of the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire, mostly positive correlations were found, with different degrees. Conclusion The swallowing-related quality of life of hospitalized elderly patients is directly manifested as decreased social interaction, increased eating time, fear to eat, and swallowing as a burden.

Governance for health: A critical, but poorly understood, health system component

@#The paper by Bernal-Sundiang et al.1 in this issue of Acta Medica Philippina provides one of the more extensive and in-depth empirical discussion of governance in the health sector. Utilizing data collected over a one-year period as part of the Philippine Primary Care Studies in urban, rural, and remote settings, the authors reported on challenges their team encountered in project implementation as it relates to leadership and governance. One strength of the paper is that it situates leadership and governance as a health system keystone that links to all the other components of infrastructure and supply chains, information system, health workforce, financing, and stakeholder engagement, and monitoring and evaluation. This harks back to the framework posited in the World Health Report 20002, highlighting the interaction between governance and the other system elements. Despite this critical role of governance, however, it has been characterized as being poorly understood, and often difficult to operationalize, not least because of poor capacities of different institutions and actors to bring to the fore the good governance agenda.3 For instance, it has been suggested that good governance, regardless of the sector, is “accountable, transparent, responsive, equitable and inclusive, effective and efficient, participatory, consensus-oriented and follows the rule of law.”4 This characterization assumes the existence of traditions and institutions that places the common good front and center, something which may not be present, if not willfully disregarded, in many jurisdictions. Another set of related buzzwords for governance is that it entails a “whole-of-government” and “whole-of-society” approaches, which means the mobilization of public agencies, on the one hand, and private sector and civil society organizations, on the other, towards the realization of shared goals.5 Aside from the need for conceptual and operational clarity on these two terms, the reality of token participation and siloed working environments remain barriers to achieving true multisectoral approaches in health and other areas. Relatedly, I wish to bring to the discussion one insight from our case study of tuberculosis program implementation.6 In this research, we identified facilitating and hindering factors to the successful implementation of the tuberculosis prevention and control program in cities and municipalities, and we posited that these factors were rooted in a common source of governance for health. We further extended the argument by stating that focusing on the local chief executive as the responsible entity for good governance is a myopic view of the issue as it only covers the levels that can be labelled as “broader governance environment” and “public policies.”7 The more fine-grained institutional or sectoral governance is within the ambit of the local health officer, while what we propose to refer to as “program-level” governance is the realm of the program coordinator. The scope and specificity of governance as exercised across these levels, and consequent access to precise information, differ, which highlights the shared responsibility of these three principal actors at the local level in so far as exercise of good governance is concerned. Good governance in health has been an aspirational goal for many decades, and was identified as an important constituent in our quest for better health and sustainable development. The recommendations outlined by Bernal-Sundiang et al.1 provide a starting point on how we can gradually improve the health sector to come closer to this ambition. However, embedding good governance in institutions and society at large will be critical in sustaining such gains moving forward.

Estrategia de superación para desarrollar la competencia didáctica de los profesores de Cirugía Maxilofacial

Introducción: la educación médica superior requiere su propia didáctica, que permita la construcción del aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por ello, los profesores de las diferentes especialidades médicas deben adquirir competencias profesionales pedagógicas, en especial la didáctica. Objetivo: diseñar una estrategia de superación para el desarrollo de la competencia didáctica de los profesores de la especialidad de Cirugía Maxilofacial. Materiales y métodos: el estudio se clasificó como investigación-acción, de tipo cualitativo-cuantitativo, y se realizó entre enero y septiembre de 2022. Se trabajó con 15 profesores de la especialidad de Cirugía Maxilofacial. La estrategia fue diseñada en cuatro etapas (diagnóstico, planeación, implementación y evaluación). Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos, en especial, el experimento. Los procedimientos estadísticos usados fueron las pruebas chi cuadrado de McNemar, la de Wilcoxon y el alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: se evaluó la competencia didáctica de los profesores y las dimensiones que la integran (conocimientos, habilidades, capacidades y motivaciones), arrojando un incremento significativo desde el punto de vista estadístico, con una buena confiabilidad de los instrumentos aplicados. Conclusiones: la estrategia permite determinar las pautas esenciales o relaciones que enriquecen la teoría de las ciencias de la educación médica, desde el posgrado, ofreciendo coherencia lógica interna a los procesos que se aplican en la estrategia y posibilitando que los profesores de la especialidad de Cirugía Maxilofacial logren mejorar la competencia didáctica.

Introduction: higher medical education requires its own didactics, which allows the construction of student learning. For this reason, teachers of the different medical specialties must acquire professional pedagogical competences, especially didactics. Objective: to design an improvement strategy for the development of the didactic competence of the professors of the specialty of Maxillofacial Surgery. Materials and methods: the study was classified as action-research, of a qualitative-quantitative type, and was carried out between January and September 2022. The authors worked with 15 professors from the specialty of Maxillofacial Surgery. The strategy was designed in four stages (diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation). Theoretical and empirical methods were used, especially the experiment. The statistical procedures used were McNemar's chi square, Wilcoxon's and Cronbach's alpha tests. Results: the didactic competence of the teachers and the dimensions that comprise it (knowledge, skills, abilities and motivations) were evaluated, showing a significant increase from the statistical point of view, with a good reliability of the applied instruments. Conclusions: the strategy makes it possible to determine the essential guidelines or relationships that enrich the theory of medical education sciences, from the postgraduate level, offering internal logical coherence to the processes that are applied in the strategy and enabling professors of the specialty of Surgery Maxillofacial manage to improve the didactic competence.

Fatores de risco associados ao delirium em idosos hospitalizados para tratamento clínico: revisão integrativa / Factores de riesgo asociados al delirio en adultos mayores hospitalizados para tratamiento clínico: revisión integradora / Risk factors associated with delirium in aged people hospitalized for clinical treatment: an integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de delirium em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas para tratamento clínico. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura. Busca realizada em fevereiro de 2022 através da aplicação de estratégia de busca em portais e bases de dados eletrônicas, como a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, o PubMed/MEDLINE e o Web of Science. Resultados: a busca resultou em 965 artigos. Após retirada de duplicatas, 583 tiveram títulos e resumos lidos. Respeitados critérios de elegibilidade, chegou-se a 127 estudos para leitura completa, dos quais 110 foram excluídos e 17 analisados, totalizando amostra de 6.170 pacientes. Foram incluídos estudos com pacientes ≥ 60 anos de idade, tratamento clínico, avaliação de fatores de risco para delirium; e excluídos estudos que utilizaram instrumentos não validados, relatos de casos, teses, monografias, artigos de revisão ou que não responderam à questão de pesquisa. Os fatores de risco mais encontrados foram a presença de déficit cognitivo e demência. Outros fatores também encontrados foram: idade avançada, presença de febre/infecção, desidratação, déficit funcional, uso de psicotrópicos antes do internamento, severidade das doenças de base, polifarmácia, déficit visual, dor ao repouso, presença de diabetes mellitus , fragilidade e tempo de internamento na emergência. Conclusões: os estudos apontam diversos fatores de risco associados ao delirium e destacam a relevância do reconhecimento do delirium pela equipe assistencial. Ação rápida e eficaz na prevenção do delirium em idosos depende da sua identificação. A equipe de saúde deve estar atenta durante o cuidado de populações vulneráveis para que o rastreio de sinais, muitas vezes flutuantes, seja facilitado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de delirium en personas mayores hospitalizadas para tratamiento clínico. Método: revisión bibliográfica integradora. Búsqueda realizada en febrero de 2022 aplicando una estrategia de búsqueda en portales y bases de datos electrónicas Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed/MEDLINE y Web of Science. Resultados: la búsqueda dio lugar a 965 artículos. Tras eliminar los duplicados, se leyeron 583 títulos y resúmenes. Se respetaron los criterios de elegibilidad, lo que dio lugar a 127 estudios para su lectura completa, tras lo cual se excluyeron 110 y se analizaron 17, totalizando una muestra de 6.170 pacientes. Se incluyeron estudios con pacientes ≥ 60 años, tratamiento clínico, evaluación de factores de riesgo de delirio; se excluyeron los estudios que utilizaron instrumentos no validados, informes de casos, tesis, monografías, artículos de revisión o que no respondían a la pregunta de investigación. Los factores de riesgo hallados con mayor frecuencia fueron la presencia de déficit cognitivo y demencia. Otros factores: edad avanzada, presencia de fiebre/infección, deshidratación, déficit funcional, uso de psicofármacos antes de la hospitalización, gravedad de las enfermedades subyacentes, polifarmacia, déficit visual, dolor en reposo, presencia de diabetes mellitus, fragilidad y duración de la estancia en urgencias. Conclusiones: los estudios señalan varios factores de riesgo asociados al delirio y destacan la importancia de que el equipo asistencial reconozca la presencia de delirio. Una acción rápida y eficaz para prevenir el delirio en los ancianos depende de su identificación. El equipo sanitario debe estar atento durante la atención a las poblaciones vulnerables para que se facilite el seguimiento de los signos, a menudo fluctuantes.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify risk factors associated with development of delirium in aged people hospitalized for clinical treatment. Method: an integrative literature review. The search was conducted in February 2022 by applying the search strategy in electronic portals and databases, such as Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science. Results: the search yielded 965 articles. After removing duplicates, 583 had their titles and abstracts read. After applying the eligibility criteria, 127 studies were submitted to full reading, with exclusion of 110 and analysis of 17, totaling a sample comprised by 6,170 patients The studies included were those conducted with patients ≥ 60 years of age, clinical treatment, assessment of risk factors for delirium; and the excluded studies were those that used non-validated instruments, case reports, theses, monographs, review articles or that did not answer the research question. The most frequently found risk factors were presence of cognitive deficit and dementia. Other factors also found were as follows: advanced age, presence of fever/infection, dehydration, functional deficit, use of psychotropic drugs before hospitalization, severity of underlying diseases, polypharmacy, visual impairment, pain at rest, presence of diabetes mellitus, frailty and hospitalization time in the emergency sector. Conclusions: the studies point to various risk factors associated with delirium and highlight the relevance of the care team recognizing this condition. Fast and effective actions to prevent delirium in aged people depends on its identification. The health team should be alert during the care provided to vulnerable populations so that the screening of sings, which are often fluctuating, is facilitated.

Improved Glass Bead-Vortex Oscillation Method for DNA Extraction from Diatom / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To examine the effect of improving diatom DNA extraction by glass bead - vortex oscillation method.@*METHODS@#The DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit was used as control, two plant DNA extraction kits with different principles (New Plant genomic DNA extraction kit and Plant DNA Isolation kit) and one whole blood DNA extraction kit (whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit) were selected to extract diatom DNA from lung tissue and water sample of the same drowning case. The combination of mass ratio of glass beads with different sizes and vortex oscillation time was designed, and the optimal DNA extraction conditions were selected with the addition of glass beads oscillation. The extracted products of the conventional group and the modified group were directly electrophoretic and detected by diatom specific PCR. Finally, all the extracts were quantified by qPCR, and the Ct values of different groups were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#When the frequency of vortex oscillation was 3 000 r/min, the optimal combination of DNA extraction was vortex oscillation for 4 min, and the mass ratio of large glass beads to small glass beads was 1∶1. The DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit was used as a reference, and the Ct value of 10 mL water sample was greater than that of 0.5 g tissue. The Ct values of the other three kits used for plant DNA extraction decreased after the glass beads-vortex oscillation method was used, and the Ct values of the tissues before and after the improvement were statistically significant (P<0.05). The whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit used in this study could successfully extract diatom DNA, the extraction of water samples was close to DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit, after the modified method was applied to tissue samples, the difference in Ct value was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, when the three kits were used to extract diatom DNA from water samples, Ct values before and after the improvement were only statistically significant in New Plant genomic DNA extraction kit group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The improved glass bead-vortex oscillation method can improve the extraction efficiency of diatom DNA from forensic materials, especially from tissue samples, by plant and blood DNA extraction kits.

Validação psicométrica da versão brasileira do Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile / Validación psicométrica de la versión brasileña del Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile / Psychometric validation of the Brazilian version of the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile em uma amostra de enfermeiros brasileiros que atuam em instituições hospitalares. Métodos Estudo metodológico e transversal, realizado em uma amostra de 301 enfermeiros que atuavam na assistência a pacientes de cinco hospitais, localizados nos estados do Piauí e Minas Gerais. Foi utilizada a análise fatorial exploratória com a extração dos fatores pelo método dos componentes principais. Em seguida, aplicou-se a rotação Varimax. Foram avaliados os seguintes constructos correlatos: conhecimento geriátrico (escala Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes); um que envolve barreiras institucionais e facilitadores de melhores práticas (escala Geriatric Care Environment) e outro que enfatiza a relação interpessoal e aspectos coordenativos da prática profissional (subescalas Professional Issues). Resultados A análise fatorial exploratória indicou que na versão brasileira da escala Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes, 30 itens apresentaram cargas fatoriais adequadas (>=0,40) e definiram seis fatores. O total de variância explicada foi de 40,5%. Na escala Geriatric Care Environment, 28 itens foram adequados e definiram cinco fatores. O total de variância explicada foi de 59,27%. Nas subescalas Professional Issues, 45 itens foram adequados e definiram seis fatores. O total de variância explicada foi de 57,78%. Conclusão A versão brasileira do Geriatric Institucional Assessment Profile é válido e confiável e pode ser aplicada para avaliar as percepções, atitudes e conhecimentos acerca de distúrbios geriátricos mais comuns e identificar as barreiras enfrentadas por enfermeiros no desenvolvimento de uma assistência com qualidade.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile en una muestra de enfermeros brasileños que trabajan en instituciones hospitalarias. Métodos Estudio metodológico y transversal, realizado en una muestra de 301 enfermeros que trabajaban en la atención a pacientes de cinco hospitales ubicados en los estados de Piauí y Minas Gerais. Se utilizó el análisis factorial exploratorio con la extracción de los factores por el método de los componentes principales. A continuación, se aplicó la rotación Varimax. Se evaluaron los siguientes constructos correlacionados: conocimiento geriátrico (escala Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes); uno que incluye barreras institucionales y facilitadores de mejores prácticas (escala Geriatric Care Environment) y otro que enfatiza la relación interpersonal y los aspectos de coordinación de la práctica profesional (subescalas Professional Issues). Resultados El análisis factorial exploratorio indicó que, en la versión brasileña de la escala Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes, 30 ítems presentaron cargas factoriales adecuadas (>=0,40) y definieron a seis factores. El total de varianza explicada fue del 40,5 %. En la escala Geriatric Care Environment, 28 ítems fueron adecuados y definieron cinco factores. El total de varianza explicada fue del 59,27 %. En las subescalas Professional Issues, 45 ítems fueron adecuados y definieron a seis factores. El total de varianza explicada fue del 57,78 %. Conclusión La versión brasileña del Geriatric Institucional Assessment Profile es válida y confiable y se puede aplicar para evaluar las percepciones, actitudes y conocimientos sobre los disturbios geriátricos más comunes e identificar las barreras enfrentadas por enfermeros en el desarrollo de una atención de calidad.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile instrument in a sample of Brazilian nurses working in hospitals. Methods Methodological and cross-sectional study, carried out with a sample of 301 nurses who worked in the care of patients in five hospitals, located in the states of Piaui and Minas Gerais. Exploratory factor analysis was used with the extraction of factors by the mean components' method. Then, the Varimax rotation was applied. The following correlated constructs were evaluated: geriatric knowledge (Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes scale); one that involves institutional barriers and facilitators of best practices (Geriatric Care Environment scale) and another one that emphasizes the interpersonal relationship and coordinating aspects of professional practice (Professional Issues subscales). Results Exploratory factor analysis indicated that in the Brazilian version of the Geriatric Nursing Knowledge/Attitudes scale, a total of 30 items had adequate factor loadings (>=0.40) and defined six factors. The total explained variance was 40.5%. In the Geriatric Care Environment scale, 28 items were adequate and defined five factors. The total explained variance was 59.27%. In the Professional Issues subscales, 45 items were adequate and defined six factors. The total explained variance was 57.78%. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile is valid and reliable and can be applied to assess perceptions, attitudes and knowledge about the most common geriatric disorders and identify barriers faced by nurses in the development of quality care.

Optimization of molding process of Jinpuju Qingrelishi Granules by Response Surface Methodology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To optimize the best molding process of Jinpuju Qingrelishi Granules.Methods:Based on the single factor test, the relative density of clear ointment and the amount of diluent (dextrin∶lactose=2∶1) are used as investigating factors, and the overall evaluation of the molding rate and angle of repose overall desirability (OD) is used as the evaluation index. The effect surface method is used to optimize the best molding process of Jinpuju Qingrelishi Granules.Results:The best molding process conditions: the relative density of the clear paste is 1.20 (60 ℃) and the amount of diluent is 3 times that of the clear paste. After mixing the clear paste and diluent, make soft material, pass through a 14-mesh sieve to granulate, dry in an oven (55 ℃) for 1 hour, and sizing to obtain. The molding rates of the three batches of verification test granules were 93.73%, 93.03%, 95.59%, respectively, the predicted OD value was 0.928, the verification value was 0.936, and the deviation from the predicted value was -0.86%.Conclusion:The molding process of this experiment is stable and reliable, with good repeatability, which can provide a reference for the follow-up research of Jinpuju Qingrelishi Granules.

Síndrome cardiorrenal tipo 1 em região de baixo desenvolvimento: comparação entre os critérios akin e kdigo, necessidade de diálise e mortalidade / Type 1 cardiorenal syndrome in decompensated heart failure patients in a low-income region in brazil: incidence of acute kidney injury (akin and kdigo criteria), need for dialysis and mortality

Resumo Fundamento: A síndrome cardiorrenal tipo 1 associa-se a maior mortalidade em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC). No entanto, há escassez de publicações comparando critérios diagnósticos de lesão renal aguda (LRA). Objetivos: Analisar o perfil clinicofuncional de pacientes com IC e fatores associados a ocorrência de lesão renal aguda (LRA). Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, em hospital terciário de região com baixo desenvolvimento econômico que incluiu pacientes com IC descompensada ou infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) recente, sendo avaliadas características clínicas, laboratoriais e ecocardiográficas comparativamente em pacientes com e sem LRA classificada pelos critérios Acute Kidney Network (AKIN) e Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Nível de significância estatística com valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: Entre 81 pacientes, 61,73% evoluíram com LRA. A média de creatinina foi 1,79±1,0 mg/dL e de ureia 81,5±46,0 mg/dL, sendo maior no grupo com LRA (p < 0,05). Não foi evidenciada relação entre alterações cardíacas e redução da função renal. A doença renal crônica se associou a maior ocorrência de LRA (38% x 3,23% sem LRA, p = 0,001). Não houve diferença do KDIGO com relação ao critério AKIN. Os pacientes que desenvolveram LRA apresentaram maior mortalidade (32% x 9,8% no grupo sem LRA, p = 0,04, com odds ratio (OR) de 8,187 e intervalo de confiança 1,402-17,190, p = 0,020). Conclusão: Nessa casuística de pacientes com IC, a ocorrência de LRA foi elevada e foi fator de risco independente de mortalidade. As alterações cardíacas não se associaram à ocorrência de LRA, e os critérios diagnósticos KDIGO e AKIN apresentaram performance similar.

Abstract Background: Type 1 cardiorenal syndrome is associated with higher mortality in heart failure patients. However, few studies have compared the diagnostic criteria of acute kidney injury (AKI) in this population. Objective: To assess clinical and functional features and factors associated AKI in patients with heart failure. Method: Retrospective, cohort study on patients with decompensated heart failure or recent acute myocardial infarction, conducted in a tertiary hospital in a low-income region of Brazil. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic features were compared between patients with and without AKI according to the Acute Kidney Network (AKIN) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Of 81 patients, 61.73% had AKI. Mean creatinine and urea levels were 1.79±1.0 mg/dL and 81.5±46.0 mg/dL, respectively, and higher in the group with AKI (p < 0.05). No evidence of a relationship between cardiac changes and reduced renal function. Chronic renal disease was associated with higher prevalence of AKI. Higher mortality was observed in patients with AKI than in patients without AKI (32.0% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.04, OR 8.187 ad 95% confidence interval 1.402-17.190, p = 0.020). Conclusion: In this population of patients with heart failure, AKI was highly prevalent and considered an independent risk factor for mortality. Cardiac changes were not associated with AKI, and the KDIGO and AKIN criteria showed similar performance.

Evaluation of the efficacy of cevimeline in improving the clinical symptoms of patients with primary Sjögren′s syndrome / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To investigate the clinical efficacy of cevimeline as a pharmacotherapeutic approach to stimulating gland activity in improving the symptoms and signs of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).@*Methods@#Sixty-three patients diagnosed with pSS who attended the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2018 to September 2019 were included in this trial. They were randomly assigned to the therapeutic group and control group. All patients were recalled at baseline and after 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Measurement of salivary and lacrimal flow as well as evaluation of subjective symptoms was performed at the follow-up. @*Results@# Fifty-eight patients completed the trial and were included in the statistical analysis. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the measurement of salivary and lacrimal flow at the second week and third month (P < 0.05). Improvement in subjective symptoms of oral, ocular and gland was detected at the third month (P < 0.05). At the sixth month, compared with the control group, only the salivary gland symptom score of the treatment group was statistically significant (P < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Cevimeline has good specificity and safety and can increase salivary and lacrimal flow and improve subjective symptoms of pSS in a short time.

Based on cluster management to explore the effect of improving oral care in ventilator-associated pneumonia / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of improving oral care based on cluster management in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods:Totally 126 VAP patients from February 2019 to February 2020 in our hospital were selected. The patients admitted from February 2019 to August 2019 were the control group, and the patients from September 2019 to February 2020 were the observation group, 63 cases in each group. The control group was treated with cluster nursing, and the observation group was treated with cluster nursing with improved oral care. The EICU hospitalization time, mechanical ventilation time, plaque index, pathogen infection, oral cleaning score, oral bleeding ulcer and aspiration were compared between the two groups.Results:After nursing, the EICU hospitalization time and mechanical ventilation time in the observation group were (18.34±4.15), (8.56±2.14) days, which were shorter than (23.56±4.82), (12.04±3.10) days in the control group ( t value was -6.514, -7.333, P<0.05). During the nursing process, the incidence of bleeding ulcer and aspiration in the observation group were 12.70% (8/63), 6.35% (4/63), which were lower than 30.16% (19/63), 20.63% (13/63) in the control group ( χ 2 values were 5.704, 5.508, P<0.05). After nursing, the plaque index of the two groups was lower than that before nursing ( t values were 12.516, 6.654, P<0.05), and the plaque index of the observation group was lower than that of the control group ( t value was -6.860, P<0.05). During the nursing process, the incidence of pathogenic bacteria infection in the observation group was 28.57% (18/63), which was lower than 49.21% (31/63) in the control group ( χ 2 value was 5.644, P<0.05). After nursing, the oral cleaning score of the two groups was lower than that before nursing ( t values were 11.118, 6.240, P<0.05), and the score of the observation group was (14.38±3.60) points, which was lower than (18.20±4.11) points of the control group ( t value was -5.549, P<0.05). Conclusion:Auricular pressure therapy can effectively improve the constipation symptoms, shorten the time required to take effect for the main symptoms, and improve the quality of life of schizophrenic patients.

Optimization of the matrix formulation of Erhuang analgesic gels by central composite design-response surface methodology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To optimize the matrix formulation of Erhuang analgesic gels. Methods:Central composite design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the best formulation of Erhuang analgesic gels by using carbomer 940, triethanolamine and glycerine as independent variables, the appearance, stability, viscosity and in vitro release of berberine hydrochloride as comprehensive evaluation indices. Results:The fitting regressing equation was Y= 82.25 + 4.95 A+ 5.19 B + 1.41 C+ 1.51 AB + 0.904 0 AC- 0.531 9 BC- 2.92 A2-1.80 B2-0.182 1 C2. P value of the model was less than 0.000 1, and the correlation coefficient r value was 0.977. The optimal formulation of Erhuang analgesic gels consisted of 1.84% carbomer 940, 1.30 times triethanolamine of carbomer 940 and 13.99 grams of glycerine. The average comprehensive scores of three verification experiments was 88.56, and the deviations from the predicted values were 2.93%, 2.85% and 1.55%. Conclusion:The formulation process by central composite design-response surface methodology was stable and the formulation of Erhuang analgesic gels has been optimized.

Formulation regularity and thinking of adjuvant sleep-improving Chinese medicinal health products / 中国中药杂志

To summarize and analyze the current adjuvant sleep-improving Chinese medicinal health products,this study retrieved the information on health products with the sleep-improving effect published by the Department of Special Food Safety Supervision and Management,State Administration for Market Regulation( SMAR),which was statistically analyzed with Microsoft Excel and TCMISS for the characteristics of formulations. A total of 435 sleep-improving health products were collected,including 344 ones containing Chinese herbal medicines. Among them,413 health products were not suitable for adolescents,neither 194 for pregnant women. Ten Chinese herbal medicines showed a frequency of use ≥40,with 1 095 times( 73. 1%) in use. Through unsupervised hierarchical entropy-based clustering of the above Chinese herbal medicines of health products( degree of support of 45 and confidence coefficient of0. 7),12 new formulas were obtained. The composition of Chinese herbal medicines was consistent with the principles of improving sleep in traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) theories,i. e.,replenishing the heart and spleen,nourishing blood,calming the nerves,nourishing Yin,reducing internal heat,communicating the heart and kidney,replenishing Qi,relieving convulsions,clearing heat,resolving phlegm,regulating the middle warmer,soothing the liver,relieving heat,and calming the heart. According to TCM theories,syndrome differentiation was performed based on the existing sleep-improving health products,followed by data mining and analysis according to the formulation regularity,aiming to provide new ideas for the development of new Chinese medicinal health products. In particular,attention should be attached to the requirements of special populations to provide a basis for follow-up studies,exert the advantages of TCM,and lay a foundation for Chinese medicinal health products to service the public.

Modelo pedagógico para el mejoramiento del sistema de evaluación del residente de Ginecología y Obstetricia / Pedagogical model for improving the evaluation system of gynecology and obstetrics residents

Introducción: El proceso de evaluación en las especialidades médicas tiene su base en la valoración del desempeño para lograr una formación en respuesta al encargo social, lo que requiere de la preparación de los profesores para desarrollar las capacidades que les permitan llevar a cabo un proceso con este enfoque. Objetivo: Proponer un modelo pedagógico para el mejoramiento del sistema de evaluación del residente de Ginecología y Obstetricia en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Finlay-Albarrán, en correspondencia con las exigencias sociales y del Sistema Nacional de Salud cubano. Métodos: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos, y otros como la parametrización y la triangulación metodológica. La participación de profesores, directivos y residentes del departamento docente de Ginecología y Obstetricia representó el 74,1 por ciento del universo estudiado. Resultados: Se propone un modelo pedagógico que se estructura en dos niveles: conceptual y metodológico. El conceptual comprende los fundamentos teóricos, las ideas científicas, las dimensiones y la finalidad. El metodológico se concreta en su dinámica de aplicación y se organiza en cuatro etapas con objetivos y acciones definidas. Los fundamentos, relacionados entre sí, posibilitaron la organización de las acciones dirigidas para su estructuración. La triangulación metodológica de los resultados de su evaluación valoró positivamente la viabilidad teórica del modelo pedagógico que se presenta. Conclusiones: La modelación como método científico permitió la elaboración de un modelo pedagógico para el mejoramiento del sistema de evaluación del residente de Ginecología y Obstetricia en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Finlay-Albarrán. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron declarar su validez teórica(AU)

Introduction: The evaluation process in medical specialties is based on performance evaluation to achieve training in response to the social order, which requires the preparation of teachers to develop the capacities which allow them to carry out a process by this approach. Objective: To propose a pedagogical model for the improvement of the evaluation system of gynecology and obstetrics residents at Finlay-Albarrán Medical Sciences Faculty, in correspondence with the social demands and the Cuban National Health System. Methods: Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used, as well as parameterization and methodological triangulation. The participation of professors, directors and residents of gynecology and obstetrics teaching department represented 74.1 percent of the studied universe. Results: A two-level structured pedagogical model is proposed: conceptual and methodological levels. The conceptual level comprises the theoretical foundations, scientific ideas, dimensions and purpose. The methodological level is itemized in application dynamics and it is organized in four stages with defined objectives and actions. The interrelated foundations made possible the organization of actions engaged for structuring. The methodological triangulation of the results of its evaluation positively valued the theoretical viability of the pedagogical model that is presented. Conclusions: Modeling as a scientific method allowed elaborating a pedagogical model for improving the evaluation system of the gynecology and obstetrics resident at Finlay-Albarrán Medical Sciences Faculty. The results obtained allowed to declare its theoretical validity(AU)

Study on the inclusion technic of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in tea tree oil and evaluation of its included compounds / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective@#This study takes hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as the inclusion materials to optimize the preparation technic of tea tree oil (TTO) and evaluate its pharmaceutical performance.@*Methods@#Take the production rate of HP-β-CD tea tree oil inclusion and entrapment rate as the evaluation index, taking the orthogonal test method to optimize the production technic of tea tree oil (HP-β-CD inclusion and using infrared (IR), differential thermal scanning (DSC) method to characterize the inclusion compound to analyze the stability of TTO-HP-β-CD.@*Results@#The best technic to produce HP-β-CD tea tree oil is as follow: the ratio of TTO and HP-β-CD should be equal to 1/10, at 40 ℃, within 1 h. The average drug loading shoud be 9.25% ± 3.25%. The IR, DSC characterization results showed that the characteristic peak of tea tree oil disappeared after the microspheres, which indicated the HP-β-CD encapsulated the tea tree oil with good compatibility. In 80 ℃ water bath, the TTO-HP-β-CD was stable with the retention rate 40% after 8 h, the retention rate was 4.32 times than that of the unwrapped tea tree oil.@*Conclusions@#The HP-β-CD tea tree oil obviously has higher rate of inclusion and stability. Therefore, it’s worth to promoting and being used in the pharmacy preparations and cosmetics field.

The parametric measurementof physico-chemical parameter and three types of effective components in Jiedu-Zhixue Decoction / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective@#To set up a method to measure the content of baicaline, wogonoside, and paeonol in Jiedu-Zhixue Decoction extract and to measure their physico-chemical parameters.@*Methods@#By using HPLC analytical methods to measure the content of baicaline, wogonoside, and paeonol in Jiedu-Zhixue Decoction extract. The RP18 column was adopted, gradient eluted with mobile phase of acetonitrile-1% phosphoric acid water, flow rate was 1 ml/min, detection wavelength was 274 nm, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The method quantitatively analyze the compound extracts of baicaline, wogonoside and paeonol were used.@*Results@#The method isrepeatable, stable with good recorey rates. The calibration curves of baicaline was in good linearity over the range of 0.191 2-1.147 2 μg. The calibration curves of wogonoside was in good linearity over the range of 0.041 5-0.207 4 μg. The calibration curves of paeonol was in good linearity over the range of 0.019 5-0.156 3 μg. There was no significant difference among the component of 3 different batches of Jiedu-Zhixue Decoction extract, and the pH value range was 5.240-5.753, relative density range was 0.846-0.889.@*Conclusions@#The method used in this stydy to measure the effective components of Jiedu-Zhixue Decoction extract was stable and feasible, which is suitable for quality control of Jiedu-Zhixue Decoction.

Progress on the clinical applications and pharmacological effects of Cuscuta chinensis in the treatment of ocular diseases / 药学实践杂志

Cuscuta chinensis is a commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Cuscuta chinensis has a long history of clinical application in the treatment of varieties of ocular diseases. This review summarized the literatures related to its clinical applications, research progresses in the ophthalmic pharmacology and active ingredients. It was aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Cuscuta Chinensis as an effective medication.

Comfort needs as perceived by hospitalized elders: an analysis under the light of Kolcabas theory / Necesidad de comodidad experimentada por ancianos hospitalizados: un análisis a la luz de la Teoría de Kolcaba / Necessidade de conforto percepcionada por idosos hospitalizados: uma análise à luz da teoria de Kolcaba

ABSTRACT Objective: To reveal the Comfort needs as perceived by hospitalized elders, using Kolcaba's theory. Methods: Descriptive and qualitative study, with 11 elders hospitalized in a university hospital, aiming to identify their needs for Comfort. Results: Discourses were categorized in four thematic units: Physical, Environmental, Sociocultural, and Psychospiritual. In the Physical context, several subcategories were found, namely, Symptom Relief; Daily Life Activities; Hygiene and personal care; Diet; Sleep and rest. In the Environmental context, the Comfort was considered to be superior than in the elders' home; in the Sociocultural one, family bonds were found to become more distant, triggering feelings of missing one's family and isolation, in the Psychospiritual context, spirituality and religiosity stood out. Final considerations: The Comfort needs of the hospitalized elders enable one to reflect on nursing care, offering information to improve the quality of assistance and to attend to the real needs of the elderly.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Desvelar las necesidades de la comodidad en la opinión de los ancianos hospitalizados usando la teoría de Kolcaba. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo, con 11 ancianos internados en un hospital de la universidad, con objetivo de identificar necesidades de la comodidad. Resultados: Los discursos han sido categorizados en cuatro unidades temáticas: Físico, Ambiental, Sociocultural y Psicoespiritual. En el Físico, se identificaron las subcategorías de Alivio de Síntomas; Actividades de la Rutina; Higiene y arreglos personales; Alimentación; Sueño y descanso. En el ambiental, la Comodidad ha sido considerada superior al del propio hogar. En el sociocultural, hubo el alejamiento de los lazos familiares, despertando sentimientos de nostalgia y aislamiento. En el Psicoespiritual, se evidenció la espiritualidad y religiosidad. Consideraciones finales: Las necesidades de Comodidad de ancianos hospitalizados permiten reflejar sobre los cuidados de enfermería, proveyendo información para cualificar la asistencia y atender a las necesidades reales de los ancianos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Desvelar as necessidades de Conforto na percepção de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas, utilizando a Teoria de Kolcaba. Métodos: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, com 11 idosos internados em um hospital universitário, com vistas a identificar necessidades de Conforto. Resultados: Os discursos foram categorizados em quatro unidades temáticas: Físico, Ambiental, Sociocultural e Psicoespiritual. No contexto Físico, foram identificadas as subcategorias de Alívio de Sintomas; Atividades de Vida Diária; Higiene e arranjo pessoal; Alimentação; Sono e repouso. No contexto Ambiental, o Conforto foi considerado superior ao do próprio lar. No Sociocultural, houve o afastamento dos vínculos familiares, despertando sentimentos de saudade e isolamento. No Psicoespiritual, evidenciou-se a espiritualidade e religiosidade. Considerações finais: As necessidades de Conforto dos idosos hospitalizados permitem refletir sobre os cuidados de enfermagem, fornecendo informações para qualificar a assistência e atender às necessidades reais da pessoa idosa.